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Frente a la biopsia tradicional, en la que se extirpa la mayora de los ganglios axilares, las mujeres con cncer de mama tienen nueva alternativa: la biopsia del ganglio centinela, el primero afectado cuando las clulas malignas abandonan el tumor. Si el centinela est invadido, se extirpan los dems ganglios, que podran estar tambin contaminados. Si no, se evita el vaciado.

 CUSԀ2<

Fuente: Atlas de Anatoma Sobotta, Dr. Javier Marco y Dr. Ricardo Cubedo

Informacin: Mara Valerio | Grfico: Xaqun G.V.

@P ok2

Realizado el 28 | 04 | 2004

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Cargando datos

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Comenzar

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Retroceder

D C@" yt?@H"RΈ: 1!D ?&H@:Kf iatras ȐT ͏@?L iatras_xN ONH grande@? grande@?O iatras_xNGON-H pequeo@? pequeo@ l"_{`23f(

Avanzar

!#D "B<@@@@@ ;$D ?&#H@:K iavanzar ȀgT β$p@?Uiavanzar_xNGON H grande@? grande@?Niavanzar_xN ONH pequeo@? pequeo@7%U}g3f 0m2AB$S+,_7&U}g3f 0m2AB$S+,_='U}f(3f!0s2AB0k12)HOX^<,X,(U}f( Wv"\5%#ŀ)%&'(6grandeiboton_atras gotoAndPlayR7pequeoiboton_atras gotoAndPlayRvariable.html_level0precarga_root gotoAndStopR*%&'(7grandeiboton_avance gotoAndPlayR8pequeoiboton_avance gotoAndPlayRvariable.html_level0+wbf7ffffff%^iS9kBHpD%Ár-ԇer8Yvv0s:|Ԯ˖y+Lr*tȴ9Z%0\EO ,gH2

Ganglios

braquiales

 -g!H2

Ganglios

axilares

 .f̡H2

Ganglios

paramamarios

 /g9H2

Ganglios

infraclaviculares

 0g4H2

Ganglios

paraesternales

 1g(H2

Conductos

linfticos

? 2_sans 3_da722

Mama

 4_h?aC22

Areola

 5_OaC22

Axila

 6o+2(

Los ganglios linfticos

 7wL[82(

Son pequeas estructuras que almacenan las clulas de defensa y filtran el lquido que circula entre las clulas.

Los ganglios estn distribuidos por todo el cuerpo. Los grupos ms importantes estn localizados en las axilas, ingle, cuello, trax y abdomen.

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Sentido del flujo linftico

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La circulacin linftica

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El lquido -linfa- pasa de la circulacin normal a la linftica y se filtra a travs de los ganglios para eliminar las bacterias, las clulas anormales y otras sustancias.

Este lquido alcanza de nuevo la circulacin sangunea y se distribuye por todo el cuerpo.

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Fuente: Atlas de Anatoma Sobotta, Dr. Javier Marco y Dr. Ricardo Cubedo | Informacin: Mara Valerio | Grfico: Xaqun G.V. | e-mail

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El tumor

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Los ganglios

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 `wQ@2(

La mamografa es la tcnica ms habitual de deteccin de tumores en la mama.

Las mujeres con factores de riesgo deben realizarse un control anual a partir de los 40 aos. Sin factores de riesgo, cada dos aos a partir de los 40 y anualmente a partir de los 50.

 a_^aB2(

Tumor

 bg-2(

Mamografa

 c_^aB2(

Tumor

!dn•Ffff%G$ y eoB2(

Se extirpan los

ganglios axilares

 foB2(

Se extirpa el tumor

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Los efectos de extirpar los ganglios axilares

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Junto con la ciruga de extirpacin del tumor, habitualmente se extraen la totalidad de los ganglios axilares, ms de una decena.

Pueden producirse algunos efectos secundarios que van desde el linfedema -la acumulacin de lquido linftico en los tejidos- hasta la prdida de movilidad en el brazo.

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Tumor teido

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La primera fase de la tcnica consiste en la inyeccin cerca del tumor de colorante y de un istopo radioactivo.

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Una nueva tcnica que evita la extirpacin de todos los ganglios

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Tumor teido

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La primera fase de la tcnica consiste en la inyeccin cerca del tumor de colorante y de un istopo radioactivo.

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Una nueva tcnica que evita la extirpacin de todos los ganglios

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Una nueva tcnica que evita la extirpacin de todos los ganglios

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A su paso por la zona del tumor la linfa se tie

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El ganglio que recibe esta linfa es el nico que cambia de color.

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Ganglio centinela

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Durante la operacin, el cirujano identifica, de entre todos los que hay en la axila, el ganglio que ha captado el colorante y, mediante una sonda que mide la radioactividad, comprueba que tambin ha absorbido la sustancia radioactiva.

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Una nueva tcnica que evita la extirpacin de todos los ganglios

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Una nueva tcnica que evita la extirpacin de todos los ganglios

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Si el ganglio centinela da positivo -contiene clulas tumorales- se procede a la extirpacin de los dems ganglios que pudieran estar afectados.

Si es negativo se evita la extraccin de los ndulos.

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El ganglio centinela

localizado es el que se extrae

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Una nueva tcnica que evita la extirpacin de todos los ganglios

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La extraccin de un slo ganglio se hace mediante una pequea incisin y los efectos secundarios son mnimos.

A pesar de sus ventajas, esta tcnica suscita dudas entre algunos onclogos y cirujanos respecto a si existe suficiente evidencia como para implantarla como prctica habitual.

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Una nueva tcnica que evita la extirpacin de todos los ganglios

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Nueva tcnica

Se extrae nicamente

el ganglio centinela

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Tcnica habitual

Se extirpaban la totalidad

de los ganglios axilares

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